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The benefits of breathing effectively

4/1/2020

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Whenever I mention breathing to my clients, the reply is usually along the lines of “Breathing? Don’t we all know how to do that already?”
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Of course, we all breathe, but how we breathe is the interesting part. Do you breathe with your ribcage moving outwards, to the sides and back? Or do you breathe by moving your ribcage upwards, using your neck and shoulder muscles to raise it?  
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​During inspiration, when we breath in, our ribcage must expand to make space for the lungs to inflate. This happens due to the muscular action of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles (the muscles between our ribs). The intercostals pull the ribs up and outwards while the diaphragm flattens and pushes the lower ribs out to the sides. Both actions create space in the ribcage for lung expansion.  
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The diaphragm is dome shaped and its vertical fibres attach to the lower ribs. When it’s contracted it flattens and these fibres push the lower ribs outwards as they shorten (1). This movement is known as lateral excursion. You can imagine it like an umbrella opening.  

We also need mid-back expansion when we breath. This is the movement of the back, just under the shoulder blades, at the level of the bra-line. Known as posterior excursion, mid-back expansion ensures that the diaphragm can also work to stabilise us in the upright position (2). When we lack good movement of the diaphragm, it reduces our ability to maintain our balance (3). This leads to stiffness in other muscles in the torso, as they take up the slack, causing pain and tension in this area.  
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If we raise our shoulders when we breathe this shows that we are in a shallow breathing pattern.  It means our ribcage is rising upwards to create space for the lungs to expand. To do this, we are pulling the ribcage upwards using accessory breathing muscles; the muscles that attach from the shoulder to the ribcage (pectoralis minor) and the muscles that attach from the neck to the ribcage (the sternocleidomastoid and the scalenes). This can lead to neck and shoulder pain and tension, and headaches.  

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So, what does this mean? Essentially, it means we need to pay attention to the way we breathe. 

When we learn to breathe using lateral and posterior excursion, we improve the strength of the diaphragm and increase the ability of our ribcage to move. Improved ribcage mobility takes the pressure off the neck and shoulders, decreasing pain, tension and headaches. It allows the diaphragm to move through its full range of motion, becoming stronger and more efficient.    

When we breathe using our diaphragm, we activate the vagus nerve which leads to an increased parasympathetic nervous system response, slowing our heart rate and breathing, and calming us down.
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Good diaphragm breathing increases our blood oxygen levels, promoting tissue healing and repair (4)  and improving energy and cognition. Anxiety and dizziness reduce as our ability to expel carbon dioxide from the body improves. We get less aches and pains in our neck and shoulders. Our posture improves along with the stability of the spine, reducing back ache. Mobility of the ribcage and mid-back improves, increasing movement in the areas that should move, and stability in the areas that should be stable.

Shallow breathing patterns are very common during everyday stress and especially so during this time of uncertainty. Diaphragmatic breathing is fundamental to our health and wellbeing, and now more than ever we need to breathe well. 

  1. Wallden, M. (2017). The diaphragm; More than an inspired design. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 21(2), 342-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.03.013
  2. Osar, E. (2014). Corrective exercise solutions to common hip and shoulder dysfunction. Lotus Publishing.
  3. Kocjan, J., Gzik-Zroska, B., Nowakowska, K., Burkacki, M., Suchoń, S., Michnik, R., Czyżewski, D., & Adamek, M. (2018). Impact of diaphragm function parameters on balance maintenance. PloS one, 13(12), e0208697-e0208697. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208697
  4. Duvall, S. E. (2017). Postpartum Corrective Exercise Specialist [online training programme] [Audiovisual]. Core Exercise Solutions LLC. www.coreexercisesolutions.com​
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Becky Littlewood 
Dip.HealthSci (Therapeutic Massage) and (Massage & Sports Therapy), Prenatal Massage Level One, Postpartum Corrective Exercise Specialist, Registered Massage Therapist
​www.cityosteopaths.co.nz
​Phone 04 4991439

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Want to feel really good for Christmas and New Year? (Without needing alcohol!)

12/17/2017

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In this day and age, time is precious and so is our health.

​Many more people are realising the downsides of excessive alcohol or sugar intake to try to mask the feelings of stress and are looking for  healthy options to help them relax and feel good. Gentle hands on treatment has been shown to be very effective in improving the parasympathetic nervous system response (ie the vagus nerve) and reducing the 'fright/fight and flight' response. This makes you feel grounded, relaxed, calm and happier than usual.

At City Osteopaths Healthcare we have osteopaths, acupuncturists, massage therapists, naturopaths and counselling available. We have many ways of approaching stress and helping your body back to health.

Our patients report feeling happier, more relaxed, better sleep and relief from pain.

For more information check out our website www.cityosteopaths.co.nz or give us a call on 04 4991439. Plus if you have any questions one of our practitioners can call you back as soon as they are able.
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How to get moving and keep fit and mobile as you get older

5/14/2017

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This picture is of Man Kaur, from India. In April she won the 100m at the World Masters Games in Auckland, 101 years young. 
The purpose of this article is to educate, promote quality therapy, but most importantly to inspire activity and quality movement. 


Educate
There is one aspect of life that all of us will go through which is ageing. Whether we like it or not we will all physically deteriorate with age. But what can we do about it? Sit back and accept fate with declining health, or be proactive in maintaining the strength and mobility we have…

'I've got creaky knees, my back is a bit stiff, reaching down to put my shoes on is so hard … it must be old age'. As a practitioner, I've heard them all. It's the age old excuse. Some of these complaints are justified, but many of the clients I have come across in both the gym and massage therapy setting will reluctantly admit they just haven't prioritised being active enough. The old adage 'use it or lose it', remains very true. Strength and joint mobility will decrease with age, they will also deteriorate through lack of use. Moving joints can help to increase synovial fluid to the joint capsule and this will keep the joint moving smoothly. Movement will also help the surrounding soft tissues remain both strong and flexible. This is why we need to feel the urge to stretch when we get out of bed, or standing up from prolonged sitting. The soft tissues in our body adapt to a particular position, the stretching is our body trying to prepare these soft tissues for movement. 
Staying mobile and strong is important for more than just being able to tie your shoes and get up the stairs. Being active is linked with decrease chances of mortality. The study by Brito et. al. (2012) assessed 2002 adults aged 51-80 on their ability to move from standing to sitting on the floor and back up to standing again. The people who could stand and sit with ease lived longer. The test can be found here http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2047487312471759
This test is not 100% accurate in telling you when you will die. There are many factors involved in how long you shall live. But the theme of being stronger and more mobile leading to living longer is what I and the authors are trying to emphasise. If you can move better, you are more independent, you are also more likely to exercise. This can help decrease cardiac risk factors, as well as help maintain a healthy weight, which will further reduce many mortality factors. 
There are other factors that will limit your performance in a sit to stand test such as lower limb joint replacement, arthritis, neurological disease, other joint surgeries may also limit your joint range making sitting on the floor difficult. So don't panic if you have co-morbidities that will cause you to score poorly in a test like this.  
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Promote quality therapy
“I'm stiff, sore and don't move with ease, what should I do about it?”. For many people the answer is simply to move more. Move more often, move for leisure, move for exercise, move to break up the monotony of prolonged sitting. If you want some advice on how to move well I have the training and experience to help instruct you. You may require more strength, more mobility, more balance, or a combination of all three. Understanding your weaknesses is the first step to improvement. 

Massage therapy can also play a role in improving movement. Massage can help increase range of motion by releasing tightness in muscle and soft tissue, or minimising the referred pain that tight muscles can cause to a joint. The increased movement around the joint will make it easier to train for strength and balance, this will lead to fewer compensations (such as limping). 

Articulation (movement) of the joint will help to keep the fluid of the joint healthy and nourished. 

​Regular stretching will also help you stay mobile and injury free. Stretching is more effective when designed specific for your needs. If you need help with this, I am more than happy to shed some light on this complicated and sometimes controversial topic.

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Inspire
Movement is important for all ages, the longer you neglect it, the harder it is to get back. Age should not be a barrier for activity, getting out as part of a team may make it more fun. 

28,676 people competed in the World Masters games in Sydney in 2009. The age categories go all the way up to 100 and over age group. If Man Kaur can do it at 101, so can you. That is of course if the threat of increased mortality hasn't already got you out of your chair!

References
Buckwalter JA. Osteoarthritis and articular cartilage use, disuse and abuse: experimental studies. Journal of Rheumatology 1995;43:13–5. 28. 
Brito, L.B. Ricardo, D.R. Araújo, D.S. Ramos, P.S. Myers, J.   Araújo, C.G. 2012. Ability to sit and rise from the floor as a predictor of all-cause mortality.
European Journal of Preventative Cardiology 2012.
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​Reuben Friedlander
Massage therapist, Personal trainer, movement enthusiast.
Bachelor Health Studies (Massage and Neuromuscular Therapy)
Diploma in Health Sciences (Massage and Sports Therapy)
Diploma in Health Sciences (Therapeutic Massage) 
Diploma in Sport (Exercise Prescription) 
Certificate in Kinesiology and Power Taping
Tacfit Level 1 Coach

www.cityosteopaths.co.nz/massage.html Phone 04 4991439

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